Delay in the residents' choice for General and Digestive Surgery: Analysis of the period 2018-2022.

INTRODUCTION: Every year hundreds of medical residents choose their specialization in various surgical fields. However, these numbers have been poorly analyzed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the selection of General and Digestive Surgery by medical residents and compare these results with the selection of other surgical specialties. METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study. The data from the selection of the medical residents from surgical specialties and the top 10 most demanded specialties between the years 2018 and 2022 were included. An analysis of adjusted ranking numbers based on the number of available positions was also conducted. RESULTS: The number of available positions in General and Digestive Surgery increased by 17.7% during the study period. However, the selection of our specialty has been delayed, with a median ranking number of 2419 (IQR: 1621-3284) in 2018, and 3484 (IQR: 2306-4156) in 2022 (p: .000). These differences remained significant after adjusting for the number of available positions (p: .000). The choice of Urology, Thoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Surgery, Gastroenterology, and Paediatrics also declined during this period, while Plastic Surgery, Dermatology, Ophthalmology, Anesthesiology, and Endocrinology improved their numbers. CONCLUSION: The choice of General and Digestive Surgery has been delayed according to the data from the MIR selection of 2018-2022. The increase in the number of available positions has not been associated with a proportional increase in demand.

Analysis of recurrence and risk factors in laparoscopic sandwich technique for parastomal hernia repair.

INTRODUCTION: Parastomal hernias are frequent and highly recurrent. The sandwich technique is a combination of the keyhole and Sugarbaker techniques, using a double intraperitoneal mesh. The objective of this study was to assess the outcomes of the sandwich technique, specifically focusing on recurrence rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational retrospective study conducted in two tertiary referral centers in Catalonia, Spain. All consecutive patients who underwent parastomal hernia repair using the sandwich technique between 1st January 2016 and 31st December 2021 were included. RESULTS: A total of 38 patients underwent the laparoscopic sandwich technique for parastomal hernia repair. The overall recurrence rate was 7.9% (3/38), with a median follow-up of 39 months (IQR: 12.3-56.5). According to the EHS classification for parastomal hernia, there were 47.4% (18/38) type I defects, 10.5% (4/38) type II defects, 28.9% (11/38) type III defects, and 13.2% (5/38) type IV defects. The used mesh was predominantly TiMesh® (76.3%; 29/38), followed by DynaMesh® IPOM (23.7%; 9/38). Patients with recurrence exhibited higher rates of seroma, hematoma, surgical site infection, and one case of early recurrence attributed to mesh retraction. Consequently, postoperative complications emerged as the primary risk factor for hernia recurrence. CONCLUSION: The sandwich technique demonstrated recurrence rates consistent with those reported in the existing literature.

Parietex™ Composite Ventral Patch for primary and incisional hernia repair.

BACKGROUNDS: Ventral hernia repair with a preformed device is a frequent intervention, but few reports exist with Parietex™ Composite Ventral Patch. The aim was to evaluate the results of this mesh with the open intraperitoneal onlay mesh (open IPOM) technique. METHODS: Observational retrospective single institution study of all consecutive patients intervened for ventral or incisional hernia with a diameter inferior to 4 cm, from January 2013 to June 2020. The surgical repair was performed according to the open IPOM technique with Parietex™ Composite Ventral Patch. RESULTS: A total of 146 patients were intervened: 61.6% with umbilical hernias, 8.2% with epigastric hernias, 26.7% with trocar incisional hernias, and 3.4% with other incisional hernias. The global recurrence rate was 7.5% (11/146). Specifically, it was 7.8% in umbilical hernias, 0% in epigastric hernias, 7.7% in trocar incisional hernias and 20% (1/5) in other incisional hernias. The median time for recurrence was 14 months (IQR: 4.4-18.7). The median indirect follow-up was 36.9 months (IQR: 27.2-49.6), and the median presential follow-up was 17.4 months (IQR: 6.5-27.3). CONCLUSION: The open IPOM technique with a preformed patch offered satisfactory results for the treatment of ventral and incisional hernias.

Hospitalización a domicilio para pacientes quirúrgicos ante una pandemia por SARS-CoV-2: nuestra experiencia / Hospitalization at home for surgical patients in the face of a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: our experience

Introducción: La hospitalización a domicilio para pacientes quirúrgicos (HaDQ) es una al-ternativa a la hospitalización convencional para pacientes quirúrgicos estables clínicamente, que precisen procedimientos de enfermería complejos por intensidad, frecuencia o carac-terísticas, y control por especialista quirúrgico en el domicilio.Método: Estudio transversal, descriptivo y retrospectivo de la actividad de la HADQ de nuestro hospital durante los primeros seis me-ses del 2020, para analizar la repercusión de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 en la unidad. Se distinguen tres periodos: prepandemia (enero-febreo), confinamiento (marzo-abril), poscon-finamiento (mayo-junio). Se diferencian dos grupos: A (HaD convencional) y B (despistaje preoperatorio COVID19). Se recogieron diver-sas variables: mes, tipo, estancia (HaD y hospi-tal), procedimientos, reingresos, domicilio, tipo visitas, COVID+. Se realizó un análisis estadís-tico descriptivo cuantitativo y cualitativo de los resultados obtenidosResultados: Ingresaron 345 pacientes, 225 en el grupo A (fase Pre (34%), fase C (40%), y fase Pos (25%)), y 120 en el B (fase C (75%), fase Pos (25%)). El confinamiento (fase C) fue el pe-ríodo más activo de la HADQ, tanto por número de ingresos (53%), como por la complejidad del grupo A que requería más procedimientos (71%) y más visitas domiciliarias (52%). Tam-bién aumentaron los pacientes de zona de no cobertura (42%), que implicaron visitas médicas y de enfermería en Hospital de Día (HD) (21%), y aumento de consultas telefónicas médicas (36%). En la fase Pos disminuyeron un 37% los ingresos del grupo A.Conclusiones: La HaDQ se reorganizó por la pandemia para atender a más pacientes quirúr-gicos, siendo un recurso asistencial esencial, especialmente durante el confinamiento. (AU)

Introduction: The HaDQ is an alternative to conventional hospitalization for clinically stable surgical patients who require complex nursing procedures due to intensity, frequency or char-acteristics, and control by a surgical specialist at home.Method: Cross-sectional, descriptive and ret-rospective study of the HADQ activity of our hospital during the first six months of 2020, to analyze the impact of the SARSCov2 pandemic in the unit. Three periods are distinguished: pre-pandemic (Jan-Feb), lockdown (Mar-Apr), post-lockdown (May-Jun). Two groups are differen-tiated: A (conventional HaD) and B (COVID19 preoperative screening). Various variables were collected: month, type, stay (HaD and hospi-tal), procedures, readmissions, address, type of visits, covid+. A quantitative and qualitative descriptive statistical analysis of the results ob-tained was carried out.Results: 345 patients were admitted, 225 in group A (phase Pre (34%), Phase C (40%), and phase Post (25%)), and 120 in group B (Phase C (75%), phase Post (25%)). %)). The confinement (phase C) was the most active period of the HADQ, both due to the number of admissions (53%), and the complexity of group A, which re-quired more procedures (71%) and more home visits (52%). There was also an increase in pa-tients from the non-coverage area (42%), which involved medical and nursing visits at the Day Hospital (HD) (21%), and an increase in medi-cal telephone consultations (36%). In the phase Post, the income of group A decreased by 37%.Conclusions: The HaDQ was reorganized due to the pandemic to care for more surgical pa-tients, being an essential care resource, espe-cially during confinement. (AU)

[Preliminary multicentric study on the nutritional status in hospitalization at home (HaD) with the same informational application of nutritional assessment]. / Estudio multicéntrico preliminar sobre el estado nutricional en hospitalización a domicilio (HaD) con una misma aplicación informática de valoración nutricional.

INTRODUCTION: the prevalence of hospital malnutrition is high and involves an increase in health care costs. Home hospitalization (HH) allows better clinically stable patient control after an acute illness by a highly specialized health care team. OBJECTIVE: to know the nutritional condition of home hospitalization patients using a computer application that allows the implementation of early nutritional measures at home and improves post-hospital control of these patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: prospective multicenter study of the nutritional condition of patients in four different home hospitalization centers during a period of two consecutive months in 2016. Variables were collected: home hospitalization, age, gender, reason for admission, associated morbidity, origin, diagnosis, social assessment, previous nutritional support, height, weight, weight loss, time of weight loss, total proteins, albumin, lymphocytes, cholesterol, body mass index (BMI), nutritional condition, type and degree of malnutrition. Nutritional condition was assessed using the application HEN-Persan and results were statistically analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 software. RESULTS: no significant differences were found between the four centers. In home hospitalization patients, 36% presented a normal nutritional screening and 87% presented some degree of malnutrition, while combined malnutrition prevailed (63%). Depending on the nutritional degree, 36% of patients had mild malnutrition, 27% presented moderate malnutrition and 35% had severe malnutrition. CONCLUSIONS: a computer application allows for an immediate, secure and reliable nutritional assessment in home hospitalization that helps introduce early nutritional measures and improve post-hospital control of patients.

INTRODUCCIÓN: la malnutrición hospitalaria tiene una elevada prevalencia y comporta un incremento del coste sanitario. La hospitalización a domicilio (HaD) permite el control en el domicilio de un episodio hospitalario agudo estable clínicamente por un equipo sanitario especializado.Objetivo: conocer el estado nutricional de los pacientes que ingresen en HaD con una misma aplicación informática (app) para poder instaurar medidas nutricionales precoces en el domicilio y mejorar la evolución posthospitalaria de los pacientes. MATERIAL Y METODOLOGÍA: estudio multicéntrico prospectivo y descriptivo del estado nutricional en cuatro unidades de HaD, durante un periodo de dos meses consecutivos durante el año 2016. Se recogieron las variables: unidad de HaD, edad, sexo, motivo de ingreso, patología asociada, procedencia, diagnóstico, valoración social, soporte nutricional previo, talla, peso, pérdida de peso, tiempo de la pérdida de peso, proteínas totales, albúmina, linfocitos, colesterol, índice de masa corporal (IMC), estado nutricional según el IMC, riesgo nutricional, tipo y grado de desnutrición. Se realizó la valoración nutricional con la app HEN-Persan y se analizaron los resultados estadísticamente con el programa informático SPSS 21.0. RESULTADOS: no existen diferencias significativas entre las cuatro unidades. Globalmente, el 36% de pacientes ingresados en HaD presentaban un estado nutricional normal. El 87% presentaba algún tipo de malnutrición, predominando la desnutrición de tipo mixta (63%). Según el grado,fue leve (36%), moderada (27%) y grave (35%). CONCLUSIONES: la utilización de una app permite tener una valoración nutricional inmediata, de manera fácil, segura y fiable en HaD, para poder introducir medidas nutricionales precoces y mejorar la evolución posthospitalaria de los pacientes.

Estudio multicéntrico preliminar sobre el estado nutricional en hospitalización a domicilio (HaD) con una misma aplicación informática de valoración nutricional / Preliminary multicentric study on the nutritional status in hospitalization at home (HaD) with the same informational application of nutritional assessment

Introducción: la malnutrición hospitalaria tiene una elevada prevalencia y comporta un incremento del coste sanitario. La hospitalización a domicilio (HaD) permite el control en el domicilio de un episodio hospitalario agudo estable clínicamente por un equipo sanitario especializado. Objetivo: conocer el estado nutricional de los pacientes que ingresen en HaD con una misma aplicación informática (app) para poder instaurar medidas nutricionales precoces en el domicilio y mejorar la evolución posthospitalaria de los pacientes. Material y metodología: estudio multicéntrico prospectivo y descriptivo del estado nutricional en cuatro unidades de HaD, durante un periodo de dos meses consecutivos durante el año 2016. Se recogieron las variables: unidad de HaD, edad, sexo, motivo de ingreso, patología asociada, procedencia, diagnóstico, valoración social, soporte nutricional previo, talla, peso, pérdida de peso, tiempo de la pérdida de peso, proteínas totales, albúmina, linfocitos, colesterol, índice de masa corporal (IMC), estado nutricional según el IMC, riesgo nutricional, tipo y grado de desnutrición. Se realizó la valoración nutricional con la app HEN-Persan y se analizaron los resultados estadísticamente con el programa informático SPSS 21.0. Resultados: no existen diferencias significativas entre las cuatro unidades. Globalmente, el 36% de pacientes ingresados en HaD presentaban un estado nutricional normal. El 87% presentaba algún tipo de malnutrición, predominando la desnutrición de tipo mixta (63%). Según el grado, fue leve (36%), moderada (27%) y grave (35%). Conclusiones: la utilización de una app permite tener una valoración nutricional inmediata, de manera fácil, segura y fiable en HaD, para poder introducir medidas nutricionales precoces y mejorar la evolución posthospitalaria de los pacientes

Introduction: the prevalence of hospital malnutrition is high and involves an increase in health care costs. Home hospitalization (HH) allows better clinically stable patient control after an acute illness by a highly specialized health care team. Objective: to know the nutritional condition of home hospitalization patients using a computer application that allows the implementation of early nutritional measures at home and improves post-hospital control of these patients. Material and methods: prospective multicenter study of the nutritional condition of patients in four different home hospitalization centers during a period of two consecutive months in 2016. Variables were collected: home hospitalization, age, gender, reason for admission, associated morbidity, origin, diagnosis, social assessment, previous nutritional support, height, weight, weight loss, time of weight loss, total proteins, albumin, lymphocytes, cholesterol, body mass index (BMI), nutritional condition, type and degree of malnutrition. Nutritional condition was assessed using the application HEN-Persan and results were statistically analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 software. Results: no significant differences were found between the four centers. In home hospitalization patients, 36% presented a normal nutritional screening and 87% presented some degree of malnutrition, while combined malnutrition prevailed (63%). Depending on the nutritional degree, 36% of patients had mild malnutrition, 27% presented moderate malnutrition and 35% had severe malnutrition. Conclusions: a computer application allows for an immediate, secure and reliable nutritional assessment in home hospitalization that helps introduce early nutritional measures and improve post-hospital control of patients

Impacto económico del uso de un nuevo apósito postoperatorio en la herida incisional abdominal / Economic impact of the use of new post-surgical dressing in incisional abdominal wounds

OBJETIVO: conocer el coste de las curas quirúrgicas de laparotomías cerradas por primera intención y estimar el impacto económico del uso de un apósito que no precise curas diarias en el postoperatorio de cirugía abdominal. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio prospectivo observacional en 30pacientes sometidos a una laparotomía divididos en dos grupos, Ay B, dependiendo de si la cura se realizó con un apósito convencional o con el apósito Mepilex Border Post-Op®, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: calculado el coste de una cura hospitalaria con el material habitualmente utilizado, se estima en 4,92 € (apósito no incluido). El coste del tiempo de trabajo de Enfermería sin complementos en euros/minuto fue de 0,14 €/min. El coste total (apósito+ coste de la cura + coste de Enfermería) fue mayor en el grupo A que en el grupo B, siendo de 402,70 € y de 233,61 € respectivamente, ahorrándose un total de 169,09 €. El coste de Enfermería representó el 11% del total del gasto de la cura en el grupo A yel 2% en el grupo B. El coste medio cura/paciente fue de 26,85 € (grupo A) y 15,57 € (grupo B) con un ahorro de 11,31 € por paciente. CONCLUSIONES: un apósito que no precise cambios diarios y permita revisar la herida quirúrgica garantiza un buen control de la evolución de la herida, siendo más económico en el coste total que sise realizan curas convencionales

OBJECTIVE: to ascertain the cost of surgical wound dressing in primary intention closed la parotomies and to estimate the economic impact of a dressing that does not required daily wound treatment in the post-surgical phase of abdominal surgery MATERIAL AND METHODS: prospective observational study of 30patients undergoing a laparotomy divided into 2 groups -A and B- according to whether wound treatment was performed using conventional dressing or using the Mepilex Border Post-Op®dressing respectively. RESULTS: having calculated the cost of a hospital wound treatment using the material normally used, the cost is estimated at €4.92(dressing not included). The cost of working time of a nurse without overtime in euros/minute was of €0.14 /min. The total cost(dressing + cost of wound care + cost of nurse) was higher in group A than in group B, being of €402.70 and €233.61 respectively, with total savings of €169.09. The cost of nursing accounted for 11% of the overall cost of the wound care in group A and 2% in group B. The average cost wound care/patient was of €26.85 (group A) and of€15.57 (group B) with a savings of €11.31 per patient. CONCLUSIONS: a dressing which does not require daily changes and allows for inspection of the surgical wound guarantees good control of the evolution of the wound, being more economical in terms of overall cost than using conventional post-surgical wound care

Colitis pseudomembranosa letal en paciente inmunocompetente / Lethal pseudomembranous colitis in an immunocompetent patient

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Estudio comparativo prospectivo aleatorizado entre apendicectomía laparoscópica por puerto único y apendicectomía laparoscópica convencional / Prospective, randomized comparative study between single-port laparoscopic appendectomy and conventional laparoscopic appendectomy

INTRODUCCIÓN: La apendicectomía laparoscópica es probablemente en la actualidad la técnica de elección en las apendicitis agudas. La cirugía laparoscópica por puerto único (PU) ha intentado instalarse como técnica alternativa. El objetivo de este estudio es comparar la seguridad y eficacia del PU frente a la apendicectomía laparoscópica convencional (LC). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: De enero del 2011 a septiembre del 2012 se aleatorizó prospectivamente a 120 pacientes con apendicitis aguda (PU 60, LC 60). Se seleccionó a pacientes entre 15 y 65 años con inicio de síntomas < 48 h comparándose el IMC, tiempo operatorio, inicio de ingesta, estancia hospitalaria, dolor postoperatorio, anatomía patológica y costes. RESULTADOS: La edad media, IMC, sexo y tiempo de inicio de síntomas hasta el diagnóstico fueron similares. No se encontraron diferencias del tiempo operatorio, inicio de ingesta ni estancia hospitalaria. Se evidenciaron diferencias en el dolor postoperatorio siendo mayor en el PU (4 ± 1,3) que en la LC (3,3 ± 0,5) con una p = 0,004. La apendicitis flemonosa predominó para ambos grupos. Hubo 3 reingresos por absceso intraabdominal (PU 2, LC 1) que requirieron tratamiento antibiótico intravenoso. Un caso del PU requirió asistencia intraoperatoria de un trocar de 5 mm en FID por necesidad de drenaje. El coste fue mayor en el PU debido al dispositivo empleado. CONCLUSIÓN: La apendicectomía por PU es segura, eficaz con resultados similares a la LC en pacientes seleccionados y, aunque el coste es mayor, serán los resultados obtenidos a largo plazo los que determinen el futuro de esta técnica

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic appendectomy is probably the technique of choice in acute appendicitis. Single port laparoscopic surgery (SILS) has been proposed as an alternative technique. The objective of this study is to compare the safety and efficacy of SILS against conventional laparoscopic appendectomy (LA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: From January 2011 to September 2012, 120 patients with acute appendicitis were prospectively randomized; 60 for SILS and 60 for LA. Patients between 15 and 65 years were selected, with onset of symptoms less than 48 h. We compared BMI, surgery time, start of oral intake, hospital stay, postoperative pain, pathology, and costs. Results The median age, BMI, sex, and time of onset of symptoms to diagnosis were similar. There were no statistically significant differences in the operative time, start of oral intake, or hospital stay. There was a significant difference in postoperative pain being higher in SILS (4 ± 1.3) than in LA (3.3 ± 0.5) with a P = .004. Flemonous appendicitis predominated in both groups in a similar percentage. A total of 3 cases with intra-abdominal abscess (SILS 2, LA 1) required readmission and resolved spontaneously with intravenous antibiotic treatment. One case of SILS required assistance by a 5 mm trocar in the RLC for drainage placement. The cost was higher in SILS due the single port device. CONCLUSION: SILS appendectomy is safe, effective, and has similar results to LA in selected patients, and although the cost is greater, the long term results will determine the future of this technique

Prospective, randomized comparative study between single-port laparoscopic appendectomy and conventional laparoscopic appendectomy.

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic appendectomy is probably the technique of choice in acute appendicitis. Single port laparoscopic surgery (SILS) has been proposed as an alternative technique. The objective of this study is to compare the safety and efficacy of SILS against conventional laparoscopic appendectomy (LA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: From January 2011 to September 2012, 120 patients with acute appendicitis were prospectively randomized; 60 for SILS and 60 for LA. Patients between 15 to 65 years were selected, with onset of symptoms less than 48h. We compared BMI, surgery time, start of oral intake, hospital stay, postoperative pain, pathology and costs. RESULTS: The median age, BMI, sex and time of onset of symptoms to diagnosis were similar. There were no statistically significant differences in the operative time, start of oral intake or hospital stay. There was a significant difference in postoperative pain being higher in SILS (4±1.3) than in LA (3.3±0.5) with a P=.004. Flemonous appendicitis predominated in both groups in a similar percentage. A total of 3 cases with intra-abdominal abscess (SILS 2, LA 1) required readmission and resolved spontaneously with intravenous antibiotic treatment. One case of SILS required assistance by a 5mm trocar in the RLC for drainage placement. The cost was higher in SILS due the single port device. CONCLUSION: SILS appendectomy is safe, effective and has similar results to LA in selected patients, and although the cost is greater, the long term results will determine the future of this technique.

[Giant esophageal lipoma]. / Lipoma esofágico gigante.

Esophageal lipomas are uncommon benign tumors. The main symptom of this type of tumor is dysphagia due to esophageal obstruction. The diagnostic studies of choice are endoscopy, radiological investigation with contrast administration, computed tomography, and echoendoscopy. We present an unusual case of giant pediculated esophageal lipoma which manifested clinically with dysphagia. Management was surgical.

Lipoma esofágico gigante / Giant esophageal lipoma

Los lipomas esofágicos son tumores benignos raros. El síntoma principal, en caso de que lo haya, es en forma de disfagia secundaria a la obstrucción esofágica. Los estudios diagnósticos de elección son la endoscopia, el examen radiológico con contraste, la tomografía computarizada y la ecoendoscopia. Presentamos un caso inusual de lipoma esofágico gigante y pediculado que se manifestó clínicamente con disfagia, cuyo abordaje fue quirúrgico (AU)

Esophageal lipomas are uncommon benign tumors. The main symptom of this type of tumor is dysphagia due to esophageal obstruction. The diagnostic studies of choice are endoscopy, radiological investigation with contrast administration, computed tomography, and echoendoscopy. We present an unusual case of giant pediculated esophageal lipoma which manifested clinically with dysphagia. Management was surgical (AU)

Hernia obturadora recidivada en paciente de 85 años / Recurrent obturator hernia in an 85-year-old patient

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